Everything about The Venezuelan War Of Independence totally explained
The
Venezuelan War of Independence was a war fought for the emancipation of what is today
Venezuela, between
1811 and
1823. It was part of a series of emancipation movements in
South America known as the
South American wars of independence.
After the
Napoleon's invasion of Spain and the
power vacuum that created in the
Spanish possessions in America, a congress of the
Criollos, influenced by the
Age of Enlightenment ideas and the
French Revolution, having previously overthrown the Spanish Governor
Vicente Emparán on
April 19,
1810, declared on
July 5,
1811 Venezuela's independence.
Miranda assumed the dictatorship.
Quickly thereafter a
civil war started between the republicans and the royalists who still wanted a union with
Spain. The provinces of
Coro,
Valencia, and
Guayana rebelled, and with the increasingly aggravated situation of the
republic: short funds, Spanish
blockade, and a major
earthquake; collapsed in
1812 to
Monteverde's attack. Miranda capitulated. An
armistice was signed in
July 1812.
Bolívar and other republicans continued the resistance in exile or organized
guerrillas. In 1813 after a series of battles in
New Granada and having received the approval of the Granadian congress Bolivar
invaded Venezuela, defeated the royalist troops in various battles. He entered
Caracas on
August 6 1813. The
Second Republic was founded.
The royalists, under the command of
José Tomás Boves with a strengthened army of
llaneros, harassed the patriots in the center of the country. Finally Boves marched to Caracas and forced the republicans to flee to the east of the country, ending the second republic. The Spanish enlisted the
Llaneros, playing on their dislike of the
criollos of the independence movement. José Tomás Boves led an army of llaneros which routinely killed white Venezuelans.
The patriots once more dispersed, and again the war took a local character. The patriots launched an expedition to eastern Venezuela that ended in failure. Bolivar thereafter sought to join forces with
Piar, but differences between them prevented a united republican front. Bolivar went to the
Llanos where he joined forces with
José Antonio Páez, but a failed attack on central Venezuela forced Bolivar to retreat back to
Apure. The Spanish, under the leadership of
Morillo counterattacked successfully but where defeated at the
Queseras del Medio.
Bolivar invaded New Granada and decisively defeated the royalists at
Boyacá, after which the union of New Granada and Venezuela was established as the
Republic of Great Colombia by the
Angostura Congress.
In
1821 the patriots won a decisive victory at the
Battle of Carabobo, after which the only cities in the hands of the
Spanish were
Cumaná, which fell shortly after, and
Puerto Cabello, which managed to hold off a
siege for two years, finally capitulating in
October 1823.
The Spanish sent a fleet in 1823 to reconquer the country but were defeated at the
Battle of Lake Maracaibo. The fight for independence, which killed half of
Venezuela's white population, was over in Venezuela; in the following years Bolivar and the
Gran Colombia continued campaigning in the south.
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